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The Dhimmi status, historically applied to Jews and other non-Muslims in Muslim-majority countries, imposed a range of social and legal restrictions that underscored their second-class citizenship. 1. Under Islamic rule, Jews were required to pay the Jizya Tax, a form of tribute that symbolized their subordination to Muslim authorities. This tax was not merely a financial burden but a constant reminder of their inferior status. 2. Jews were often excluded from public office and military service, were subjected to various humiliating regulations, and were forced to wear wearing distinctive clothing and living in segregated areas (think Europe 1933-1939) which reinforced their social inferiority and vulnerability to discrimination and violence. 3. The legal framework governing Dhimmis was officially codified in documents like the Pact of Umar, which outlined numerous restrictions on their behavior and freedoms. 4. Jews were forbidden from building new synagogues or repairing old ones, riding horses, or bearing arms. Their testimony in court was considered less credible than that of Muslims, severely limiting their legal recourse in disputes. In comparison, Arab citizens in Israel possess full citizenship rights, including the right to vote, run for public office, and serve in the military. Arab citizens of Israel have access to the same legal protections as Jewish citizens, and their testimony in court holds equal weight. Arabs in Israel serve and operate in every major political, judicial, and cultural framework. Israeli Arabs hold positions as Supreme Court judges and parliament members, and there are many high-ranking Arab police and military officers. Additionally, Arabs in Israel are prominent in various fields such as acting, news broadcasting and sports. Now consider which religion and culture is truly prone to advancing apartheid-like measures.