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Das Kapital (Capital: A Critique of Political Economy), by Karl Marx:Volume I (the only volume published during Marx’s lifetime) was first published on September 14, 1867, in Hamburg, Germany. Socialism and Communism both opperate on the same economic system. The principle economic theory is based on Marx's feelings about workers compensation, "From those according to their ability, to those according to their needs." This means no matter how hard you work or how much you make everyone is taxed 100% and the government determines how much you need to live on. Then they keep the rest! This does away with capitalism, the idea of meritocracy (You benefit by producing more, investing more, manage better, innovate more, creating better quality, giving better service! Then you profit from your hard work, innovations and investments.) English economist John Maynard Kanes embraced and promoted this economic theory put forth by Marx and Engles in the mid-nineteenth century which was addopted by the Soviet Union after the Russian revolution. Milton Freedman won his Nobel Prize for Economics by refuting Kanesian theory. Look what happened to the Soviets and every single government that have tried Socialism/Communism since then.