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Ed Sullivan couldn't sing. He couldn't dance. He wasn't charming. He stood stiff and awkward under the lights, spoke in a halting monotone, and always looked slightly uncomfortable in his own suit. Critics said he had the warmth of a plank of wood. One reviewer wrote that "he got where he is not by having a personality, but by having no personality." They missed the point entirely. Ed Sullivan changed American culture more than almost anyone in television history. Not through talent. Through stubborn, unyielding decency. The Ed Sullivan Show premiered on June 20, 1948, originally called Toast of the Town. It was a variety show—comics, acrobats, Broadway singers, opera, circus acts, music. Something for everyone. And from the very beginning, Sullivan did something almost no one else on television would do. He booked Black performers. Not tucked away in "special" episodes. Not diminished or separated. They appeared alongside white performers, introduced the same way, treated exactly the same way. This was 1948. America was legally segregated. Interracial marriage was illegal in most states. Black Americans couldn't share schools, restaurants, water fountains, or theaters with white Americans. And Ed Sullivan put Black excellence into American living rooms every Sunday night. One week after the show premiered, Billy Kenny and the Ink Spots became the first Black performers on national television. On July 18, 1948—just the fifth episode—Sullivan paired Ella Fitzgerald with tap legend Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. She scatted. He danced. It was joy on display, broadcast into a divided nation. Sullivan kept going. Louis Armstrong. Nat King Cole. Pearl Bailey. Lena Horne. Duke Ellington. Count Basie. Sarah Vaughn. Sammy Davis Jr. And he didn't keep his distance. He shook hands. Kissed cheeks. Talked warmly on camera. Hugged them like friends—because they were his friends. That basic humanity enraged sponsors. When Sullivan kissed Pearl Bailey on the cheek, Southern sponsors exploded. When he shook Nat King Cole's hand, Ford's Lincoln-Mercury dealers threatened to pull their sponsorship and remove the show from the South entirely. Southern gas stations refused to serve customers who drove the Ford and Mercury cars Sullivan advertised. Letters poured in accusing him of indecency. One angry viewer wrote: "We enjoyed Ella Fitzgerald right up to when you had to make the point of hugging her right there in our living room!" Sullivan's response? He booked them again. He wrote angry letters back to bigots. He once said: "The most important thing is that we've put on everything but bigotry." When the network warned him not to touch Coretta Scott King during her appearance, he embraced and kissed her anyway. He didn't lecture America. He didn't call himself an activist. He simply refused to participate in humiliation. Week after week. Year after year. For twenty-three years. In 1956, he introduced Elvis Presley—whose music was rooted in Black culture—into white living rooms. In 1964, he introduced The Beatles, launching a cultural earthquake. But he never abandoned Black artists while elevating white ones. James Brown. The Supremes. The Temptations. Stevie Wonder. The Jackson 5. The soundtrack of integration played live on television. Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, the legendary dancer who appeared with Ella Fitzgerald on that early 1948 episode, died penniless in 1949. Ed Sullivan paid for his funeral in Harlem. Ella Fitzgerald appeared eight times over twenty-one years. She said of Sullivan: "His was one of the first shows that gave everybody a chance to be seen, and heard. And that was like a new beginning." That was his power. Black performers trusted him to treat them with dignity. White audiences trusted him enough to let him challenge their assumptions. He used that trust quietly, carefully, relentlessly. By the time the show ended in 1971, integrated television was normal. But it wasn't inevitable. It happened because one stiff, awkward man refused to segregate his stage. Ed Sullivan wasn't flashy. He wasn't cool. He wasn't beloved for charisma. He was decent. And sometimes decency—practiced consistently, without compromise—changes everything.