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Male fertility has been steadily declining worldwide for decades, with reductions in both sperm count and quality. While factors such as obesity, poor diet, and environmental toxins are commonly implicated, emerging research highlights a surprising contributor: the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which infects nearly half of the global population.This parasite is typically transmitted through cat feces, contaminated water, undercooked meat, or unwashed produce.A 2025 study revealed that Toxoplasma can directly damage human sperm—laboratory experiments showed that sperm exposed to the parasite were “decapitated” within minutes, severely impairing their function.Toxoplasma has also been shown to invade the male reproductive system. Studies in animals and some human cases have found the parasite forming cysts in the testes and prostate, and even appearing in semen—raising the possibility of sexual transmission.Although not all studies establish a definitive link between Toxoplasma and reduced sperm quality, several have reported higher rates of sperm abnormalities among infected men.The parasite may also impair fertility indirectly by triggering chronic inflammation within the reproductive tract. These effects could be contributing to the broader global decline in male fertility.While further research is necessary to clarify the full impact, preventing Toxoplasma infection remains critical—especially for pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Simple measures such as practicing good hygiene, thoroughly cooking meat, and handling cats and produce carefully can help reduce exposure.