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George Washington was strongly opposed to the formation of political parties, viewing them as one of the greatest threats to the unity and stability of the young United States. Throughout his presidency and culminating in his 1796 Farewell Address, he warned that partisanship would lead to "ill-founded jealousies," "false alarms," and "distract the public councils".Key Aspects of Washington’s View on Party Politics:Destruction of National Unity: Washington believed that the "spirit of party" would divide Americans, pitting different regions and groups against each other and undermining the national unity needed to sustain a republic.A "Baneful" Influence: In his Farewell Address, he warned of the "baneful effects of the spirit of party". He argued that this spirit is "inseparable from our nature" but must be "discouraged and restrained" in a popular government.Usurpation of Power: He feared that parties would become "potent engines" used by "cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men" to "subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government".Foreign Influence: Washington believed that party divisions would make the U.S. vulnerable to foreign influence and corruption, as factions might align themselves with foreign interests to gain an advantage."Spirit of Revenge": He predicted that partisan conflict would lead to "alternate domination" of one party over another, characterized by a "spirit of revenge" that could lead to "frightful despotism"."Put Country First": Washington urged Americans to place their national identity above regional or party loyalties. Contextual Factors:Rise of Factionalism: During his presidency, Washington witnessed the rise of the first political parties: the Federalists (led by Alexander Hamilton) and the Democratic-Republicans (led by Thomas Jefferson).The Farewell Address: Published in 1796, this document was a direct attempt to steer the country away from these emerging divisions.Idealism vs. Reality: While Washington hoped the country could function without parties, many historians note that he often favored Federalist policies, despite his attempts to remain above the partisan fray. Despite his warnings, the two-party system developed shortly after his presidency. His concerns regarding the "spirit of party" and its potential for destroying democracy have maintained relevance throughout U.S. history, often cited as a prophetic, if ignored, warning.