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A new study suggests that certain gut microbes could naturally regulate blood sugar and reduce sugar cravings — offering a possible alternative to drugs like Ozempic.Researchers found that the gut bacterium Bacteroides vulgatus and its metabolites can stimulate the release of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), a hormone crucial for blood sugar control and appetite regulation. GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide (Ozempic’s active ingredient), mimic this natural process and are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes.In experiments with diabetic mice, boosting B. vulgatus increased GLP-1 secretion and also triggered FGF21, another hormone tied to reduced sugar cravings. The result was improved blood sugar control and lower preference for sweet foods.Human studies added support: individuals with genetic mutations that reduced FGF21 production were more likely to crave sugar — a factor linked to higher diabetes risk. Blood analysis from 60 people with type 2 diabetes showed similar gut–hormone interactions.While further trials in humans are needed, the findings hint that manipulating the gut microbiome may one day provide a drug-free strategy for diabetes prevention and treatment.Follow Science Sphere for regular scientific updates.RESEARCH PAPER 📄Tingting Zhang et al, "Free fatty acid receptor 4 modulates dietary sugar preference via the gut microbiota.", Nature Microbiology (2025)