photo #2177021

I plan to do a full document on this and the hydro Gel Formation that becomes the bio film coating on the skin surface. The train tanker cars of ethylene glycol going by when I was a kid...wondering what so much was used for, and thinking it was all being shipped to asia for antifreeze for their cars...not for our food supply. I now see it as the source of the hydrogels as part of the additions to the food, that impregnate and cause the thick hydro gel fluid. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964830516302475I have not dug deep into these docs and this aspect of the detoxing with iodine...but there definitely are clues to be found in this. We use synchrotron X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to investigate the surface assembly of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) induced by different salts. We find that NaCl and CsCl behave as many other electrolytes, namely, drive the PEG-AuNPs to the vapor/suspension interface to form a layer of single-particle depth and organize them into very high-quality two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal crystals. By contrast, NaI induces the migration of PEG-AuNPs to the aqueous surface at much higher surface densities than the other salts (at similar concentrations). The resulting 2D ordering at moderate NaI concentrations is very short ranged, and at a higher NaI concentration, the high-density monolayer is amorphous. Considering NaCl, CsCl and the majority of salts behave similarly, this implicates the anomaly of iodine ion (I-) in this unusual surface population. We argue that the influence of most electrolytes on the PEG corona preserves the polymer in the θ-point with sufficient flexibility to settle into a highly ordered state, whereas I- has a much more severe effect on the corona by collapsing it. The collapsed PEG renders the grafted AuNP a nonspherical shaped complex that, although packs at high density, cannot organize into a 2D ordered arrangement.